Bowel cancer, which includes cancers of the colon and rectum, has become a significant health concern in Australia. With increasing awareness and advancements in detection and treatment, understanding this disease is vital for early intervention and prevention. In this blog post, we will explore what bowel cancer is, its symptoms, how to detect it, steps toward prevention, and some key statistics relevant to Australia.
What is Bowel Cancer?
Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, occurs when abnormal cells in the bowel grow uncontrollably, potentially forming a tumor. It can develop in different parts of the bowel, including the colon (the large intestine) and the rectum (the passage leading to the anus). While anyone can develop bowel cancer, certain risk factors, such as age, lifestyle, and family history, can increase susceptibility.
Symptoms of Bowel Cancer
The symptoms of bowel cancer can vary from person to person and may be mistaken for other digestive conditions. Common symptoms to look out for include:
- Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent diarrhoea or constipation, or a change in the consistency of your stool.
- Blood in the Stool: This can appear as bright red or dark red, indicating possible bleeding in the colon or rectum.
- Abdominal Pain: Ongoing or severe abdominal discomfort or cramps.
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying can be a sign of an underlying issue.
- Fatigue: Constant tiredness or a general feeling of weakness.
- Narrow Stools: A noticeable change in stool shape may indicate bowel obstruction.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
How to Detect Bowel Cancer
Early detection of bowel cancer can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment. There are several methods used for detecting bowel cancer:
- Screening Programs: In Australia, people aged 50 to 74 are encouraged to participate in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), which offers free at-home testing with a Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) every two years.
- Colonoscopy: If initial screening tests indicate a potential issue, a colonoscopy may be recommended. This procedure allows doctors to examine the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera at the end, and it can also be used to remove polyps if detected
- Other Imaging Tests: In some cases, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI may be ordered to assess the bowel further.
Prevention of Bowel Cancer
While not all cases of bowel cancer can be prevented, there are several lifestyle changes and preventative measures that can reduce your risk:
- Regular Screening: As mentioned, participating in screening programs can facilitate early detection and intervention.
- Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can decrease risk. Limiting red and processed meats, along with high-fat foods, is also advisable.
- Physical Activity: Engaging in regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce bowel cancer risk.
- Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking: Both excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are associated with an increased risk of developing bowel cancer.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a known risk factor for bowel cancer; managing weight through a balanced diet and active lifestyle can be beneficial.
Key Statistics on Bowel Cancer in Australia
Understanding the impact of bowel cancer in Australia can help highlight the importance of awareness and screening:
- Prevalence: Bowel cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia, after skin cancer.
- Incidence Rates: According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), approximately 15,000 people are diagnosed with bowel cancer each year.
- Mortality: More than 5,000 Australians die from bowel cancer each year, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the country.
- Survival Rates: If detected early, the five-year survival rate for bowel cancer is approximately 90%. However, if diagnosed at a later stage, the survival rate can drop significantly.
Conclusion
Bowel cancer is a serious health issue affecting many Australians, but early detection and lifestyle changes can significantly reduce its impact. Understanding the symptoms and taking part in regular screening programs are crucial steps in safeguarding your health. By being proactive and making informed choices, we can work towards a future with reduced bowel cancer incidence and improved outcomes for patients. For more information or to discuss your risk factors, it is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional.
